Terrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Psychological warfare - Research Paper Example for security rackets or to implement a code of quietness is normally not named psychological oppression however these equivalent activities might be marked fear based oppression when done by a politically roused gathering (Beatriz, 2011). Psychological oppression has been drilled by an expansive cluster of political associations for facilitating their destinations. It has been polished by conservative and left-wing ideological groups, nationalistic gatherings, strict gatherings, progressives, and administering governments. A standing trademark is the aimless utilization of viciousness against noncombatants to pick up exposure for a gathering, cause, or person. The imagery of psychological oppression can use human dread to help accomplish these objectives (San, 2011). The main general quality of psychological warfare by and large settled upon is that it includes brutality and the danger of viciousness. The expressions fear based oppression and psychological oppressor (somebody who participates in fear based oppression) convey solid negative implications. These terms are regularly utilized as political marks, to censure savagery or the danger of brutality by specific entertainers as improper, aimless, and unjustified or to denounce a whole fragment of a populace. Those named fear based oppressors by their adversaries infrequently recognize themselves all things considered, and ordinarily utilize different terms or terms explicit to their circumstance, for example, dissenter, political dissident, deliverer, progressive, vigilante, activist, paramilitary, guerrilla, revolutionary, loyalist, or any comparative importance word in different dialects and societies. Jihad, mujahidin, and fedayeen are comparative Arabic words which have entered the English vocabulary. It is normal for the two players in a contention to portray each other as psychological oppressors. Fear based oppressor assaults are typically completed so as to expand the seriousness and length of the mental effect. Each demonstration of fear based oppression is a â€Å"performance† contrived to affect numerous enormous crowds. Fear mongers likewise assault national images, to show power and to endeavor to shake the establishment of the nation or society

Strategic Marketing Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Key Marketing Plan - Case Study Example From its unassuming beginnings in 1980, Applebee International, Inc. has ascended to turn into the biggest easygoing eating eatery network in the United States dependent on size, piece of the pie, and income. Applebee is established by Bill and TJ Palmer with their first eatery TJ Applebee's Rx for Edibles and Elixirs changing the name to Applebee's Neighborhood Grill and Bar in 1986. After two years, franchisees Abe Gustin and John Hamra purchased the rights to the Applebee's idea from W.T. Elegance. With the quest for its development methodology, Applebee International is built up, developing into 54 cafés in 1998 when it opened for diversifying Today, Applebee works 1, 900 easygoing feasting eateries everywhere throughout the world working with the responsibility of giving alluring, well disposed, neighborhood foundation including respectably valued, top notch food and refreshment things, table help and an agreeable climate that addresses all ages (Company Overview, 2007). Applebee's worldwide activity is headquartered in Overland Park, Kansas. The United States is the organization's biggest market where creates and works 1,841 eateries inside 49 states and one U.S. domain while it additionally has 89 eateries in 16 universal provinces. Of the 1,900 eatery networks on the planet, 1,409 (74%) are diversified worked leaving just 521 (26%) cafés in its sole administration. Having some expertise in easygoing feasting, Applebee cafés offer lunch and supper comprised of courses of meat, chicken, pork, fish and pasta dishes, pastries and tidbits which the organization changes every once in a while in light of the supporters' preferences and inclinations. (Quick reality, 2007). The cost of a normal supper is $11. Beside giving feast in administrations, it additionally acquaints Carside With Go which permits clients to expend their requests outside the store premises. Perceiving the fuss for a more beneficial way of life, it has collaborated with Weight Watchers International in offering the Weight Watchers determinations. Topographically, it has the little market portion in provincial regions under 25,000 in populace while cornering bigger market fragments in the urban communities. (Horovitz, 2003). Under the authority of Lloyd L. Slope, who became CEO in 1998, the organization has posted positive net income, in spite of a fluctuating development pattern altogether working incomes in the previous ten years (Hoovers, 2007). The organization's activities are assembled into three business divisions: 1. Organization eatery deals which is contained the deals of food and refreshments; 2. Establishment sovereignties and charges from its franchisees (establishment eminence are commonly 4% of the establishment café's month to month net deals while establishment expenses are regularly

Celebrity Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Big name Study - Essay Example Big names are described by acclaim, impact and at times money related achievement (Weber, 2014: 100). Motivation characters have tremendous crowds and it is the vital explanation organizations that try to advance their brands have in the ongoing past included them in promotions. Individuals naturally give a lot of consideration on what big names do the two fans and haters. Actually, music, from days of yore, has been a basic piece of human life. Craftsmen who reliably created top notch music that pulled in a wide crowd in the general public have stood out forever as famous people as well as ‘stars’ and legends. Obviously, Michael Jackson was a music legend whose life was a gift to numerous individuals. This paper tries to assess Michael Jackson as a superstar and as a contextual analysis and thoroughly investigate different social components as to his life and commitments while counter-contrasting this with hypothetical systems with think of a contention upheld by pragma tic models. Michael Jackson is a name that the vast majority can perceive, regardless of whether youthful or old. Essentially, the two people distinguish MJ as he is prominently known for his comprehensively lived 50 years. He was conceived in August 1958 and kicked the bucket 50 years after the fact in June, 2009. He is celebrated for his impact in the popular music and moving styles that have since been grasped. Michael Jackson moved to turn into a global figure because of his committed work in the music business. He had a huge commitment in the field of music and move that caused the world to remember him earnestly. Evidently, Jackson was conceived in a family that had a thing with music as he had a few kin chime in with him in what was known as Jackson 5. He did his vocation music in the year 1964 and around four decades late, the name Michael Jackson was known in each corner of the general public. He turned into an exemplification of popular music. Significantly after his passing, he

MD Versus PA Showdown Round 1 - Show Me The Money!

Before you read this post I want you to take a quick survey. What do you think? Take Our Poll Physician Assistant vs. MD - Show Me The Money Often the decision between PA and MD is considered a difficult one, but should it be? Today I am posting the first in a series of posts to help prove to you why this age-old debate is not a debate at all. And since the biggest search phrase in Google following the word "Physician Assistant" is "Salary" I thought I would start by addressing the elephant in the room and show you the numbers. Annual salary numbers themselves are useless, as they are not a good representation of salary in relation to all the hidden variables such as time spent in training, debt, residency, and average hours worked per week. This post is going to address all of these variables using an elegant equation and we will calculate a more important indicator: True Hourly Wage! This post is heavy with numbers so you may need to grab your glasses (and a calculator), but as you will see the results are interesting! So let's get going... Medical Doctors (MD) - True Hourly Wage Becoming a physician is expensive! For the 2018-2019 academic year, the average total student budget for public and private undergraduate universities was $25,890 and $52,500, respectively. If one attends an average priced institution, receives subsidized loans and graduates in four years they will have about $33,310 of student loan debt from undergraduate college. For the 2018-2019 academic year, the median cost of tuition and fees for public and private medical schools was $32,495 and $52,515 per year, respectively. This does not include the cost of rent, utilities, food, transportation, health insurance, books, professional attire, licensing exams fees or residency interview expenses. Therefore, the average medical student budget is about $55,000 per year; $40,000 for tuition and $15,000 for living expenses. If one attends an average priced medical school, receives 1/3 subsidized loans and graduates in 4 years; at a 7% APR, statistically, they will have $200,527 of debt from medical school at graduation. If one borrows $22,500 bi-annually and two-thirds of this accrues interest compounded bi-annually at 3.5% their total student loan debt for both college and medical school will then be $300,527. Forbearing this debt through 5 years of residency and paying it off over 20 years will cost about $788,880 of ones net income. Loan repayment programs such as those offered by the military are not a solution for the majority. Each year, about 22,000 medical students graduate from U.S. allopathic and osteopathic medical schools.Each year the military matches 800 students into its residency training programs because that is the militarys anticipated future need for physicians. The U.S. tax code allows taxpayers to deduct a maximum of $2,500 per year of student loan interest paid to their lender. This deduction is phased out between incomes of $115,000 and $145,000. Therefore, this benefit is of no help to most physicians. If one were to start a business, they could deduct nearly all of their expenses. Yet for unclear reasons, one cannot deduct the cost of becoming a physician; not the tuition or even the interest on the money they borrowed to pay their tuition. During residency, if one makes payments of $1,753 per month, or $21,037 per year, to pay off the accruing interest, their debt will still be $300,527 at the end of residency. However, they will have spent $63,111 over the course of a 3-year residency or $126,222 over the course of a 6-year residency to keep their debt from growing. Though paying off the interest during residency is the responsible thing to do; coming up with $21,037 each year from ones net pay of $40,000 may be quite difficult. Time spent training, student loan debt and the U.S. tax code makes the income of physicians deceiving. A board-certified internal medicine physician who is married with 2 children, living in California and earning the median internist annual salary of $211,441 will be left with $140,939 after income taxes and $106,571 after student loan payments. This is assuming a federal Income tax rate of 28%, California state income tax rate of 6.6%, Social Security tax rate of 6.2% and a Medicare tax rate of 1.45%. You can go topaycheckcity.comto get an idea of what ones net pay would be for different incomes, states of residence, marital status, the number of children, etc. Paying off a debt of $369,425 over 20 years at a 7% APR will require annual payments of $34,368. Those student loan payments will continue to consume about $34,000 of their net income for 20 years until they are finally paid off. What started off as $300,527 in student loan debt will end up costing $687,360. This debt that consumes one-fourth of their net income for 20 years wasnt accrued because they bought a house they couldnt afford it is because they chose to become a physician. Believe it or not, the amount of money reaching a physicians personal bank account per hour worked is only a few dollars more than that of a high school teacher. In order to make this calculation, we will neglect inflation of the U.S. dollar by assuming that inflation will increase at the same rate as the purchasing power of the U.S. dollar decreases. We will also assume that physician incomes keep pace with inflation. We will also assume that tuition costs, student loan interest rates, resident stipends, physician reimbursements, and the U.S. income tax structure are as described above and do not change. The median gross income (income before taxes) among internal medicine physicians is $230,441. The median net income (income after taxes)for an internist who is married with two children living in California is then $191,939. Internal medicine is a three-year residency, so throughout residency, they will earn a total net income of about $120,000 and spend about 34,000 hours training after high school. The total cost of training including interest, forborne for three years and paid off over 20 years as explained above is $687,260. One study reported that the average hours worked per week by practicing Internal Medicine physicians was 57 hours per week.Another study reported the mean to be 55.5 hours per week.We will use 56 hours per week and assume they work 48 weeks per year. If they finish residency at 29 years old and retire at 65 years old they will work for 36 years at that median income. Lets Run The Numbers: True Hourly Wage for a Medical Doctor [(140,939 x 36) + (120,000) (687,260)] / [(56 x 48 x 36) + (34,000)] = $34.46 The adjusted net hourly wage for an internal medicine physician is then $34.46 per hour And Now The Moment You Have All Been Waiting For... Physician Assistant - True Hourly Wage The median gross income (income before taxes) among physician assistants is $104,760 The mediannet income (income after taxes) for a physician assistant who is married with two children living in California is then $76,277 Physician assistants do not have a residency. They spend about 6,400 hours training after high school plus they will need roughly 2,000 hours of direct patient care experience prior to applying to PA School. PA school is roughly 4,300 hours of training. This is made up of 2,000 hours of didactic and 2,000 hours of clinical hours plus the amount of time it takes to get a bachelors degree. The total hours of training for a Physician Assistant are roughly12,400 hours of trainingafter high school. The total cost of training if one attends an averaged priced institution and pays off their debt over 20 years at a 6.8% interest rate is roughly$197,176.You can estimate your own payments here. One study reported that the average hours worked per week by a practicing Physician Assistant was 40 hours per week.Another study reported the mean to be 42 hours per week.We will use 41hours per weekand assume they work48 weeks per year. If they finish PA School at 27 years old and retire at 65 years old theywill work for 38 yearsat that median income. Since most PA's do not receive a pension we will say our hypothetical PA will get a 3% employer match for 38 years and I am going to ignore interest on this income so it is about $114,000. Lets Run The Numbers: True Hourly Wage for a Physician Assistant [(76,277 x 38) + (114,000) (197,176)] / [(41 x 48 x 38) + (12,400)] = 42.63 The adjusted net hourly wage for a Physician Assistant is then $32.29 per hour And Just For The Fun of it Because Both of My Parents are Teachers True Hourly Wage - High School Teacher The median gross income among high school teachers, including the value of benefits but excluding their pension, is about $57,720. The median net income for a high school teacher who is married with two children living in California is then $44,791. This is assuming a federal Income tax rate of 15%, California state income tax rate of 6.6%, Social Security tax rate of 6.2% and a Medicare tax rate of 1.45%. You can go topaycheckcityto get an idea of what ones net pay would be for different incomes, states of residence, marital status, the number of children, etc. Teachers spend about 6,400 hours training after high school, the amount of time it takes to get a bachelors degree. The total cost of training if one attends an averaged priced institution and pays off their debt over 20 years at a 7% interest rate is $186,072. At this income one would be able to deduct the interest on their student loans from their income taxes; however, those savings are not accounted for in the calculation below. High school teachers have about 10 weeks off each summer, 2 weeks off during Christmas, 1 week off for spring break and 1 week of personal paid time off. Therefore, high school teachers who work a full-time average of 40 hours per week for 38 weeks each year. Yes, teachers spend time off the clock preparing for class, correcting papers, etc. However, physicians also spend time off the clock reading, studying, going to conferences, etc. If a high school teacher finishes college at 22 years old and retires at 65 years old, they will work for 43 years. Most teachers also receive a pension. We will assume their gross annual pension including the value of benefits is $40,000 which is a net pension of $35,507. If they die at 80 years old they will receive this pension for 15 years. Lets Run The Numbers: True Hourly Wage for Teacher [(42,791 x 43) + (35,507 x 15) (186,072)] / [(40 x 38 x 43) + (6,400)] = $31.67 The adjusted net hourly wage for a high school teacher is then $31.67 per hour For The Love of Money The median gross income among internal medicine physicians is $211,441. The median gross income among high school teachers, including the value of benefits but excluding their pension, is about $57,000 per year. The Median gross income among physician assistants, including the value of benefits is around $115,000 per year. Accounting for time spent training, student loan debt, years worked, hours worked per year and disproportionate income taxes the net adjusted hourly wage of an internist is $34.46 per hour, while that of a high school teacher is $31.77 per hour and that of a physician assistant is $32.29. Though the gross income of an internal medicine physician is 4 times that of a high school teacher, the adjusted net hourly wage of an internal medicine physician is only 1.13 times that of a high school teacher and 1.07 times more than that of a physician assistant!Click To Tweet PA vs. MD Round 1 - goes to MD(but by an extremely narrow margin) *Oh yeah, and how about that stay at home 35-year-old living in the basement in our poll? If anybody has time to do that calculation please post it in the comments section... We may all be working way too hard! If you liked this post please feel free to share with a like 🙂 - Stephen Pasquini PA-C Have you seen the PA vs. MD infographic? The PA VS MD Infographic You may also like -A Surgeon Speaks: 7 Reasons Why You Should Choose PA Over MD I am a fellowship-trained surgeon. Besides the financial aspect, the following 7 points will make your decision of PA vs. MD easy: 1. It takes on an average at least 15 years (after high school) of head in the sand (books) to []Why my Wife is Happy I am a Physician Assistant and not an MDIn my life family will always be my greatest priority.I love my patients like I love life itself, but I love my family even more than life itself. ears ago I dreamt of being an MD. Since I was a small child in fact. To me this []Who Gets Into PA School? Heres What You Need to KnowLeslie Mean is a 27 year old whitefemale who presents to the PA school admissions committee on her first attempt to get into PA school. She has a 3.5 overall GPA and a 3.4 science GPA. She is holding a bachelors of science degree in []

Gwendolyn Brooks As A Poet - 2100 Words

Gwendolyn Brooks was born in Topeka, Kansas on June 7, 1917, to her parents David and Keziah Brooks, after her birth, the Brooks’ decided to move the family to the South Side of Chicago. Where Brooks grew up and lived the rest of her life there, there Brooks would experience racial prejudice in school. The young poet found comfort in reading and writing, which her parents actively encouraged Brooks’ mother declared to her, that she is going to be a poet. Brooks published her first poem Eventide at age thirteen in American Childhood magazine. At age sixteen, she met Langston Hughes, who gave her words of encouragement after reading her poems at a poetry reading. In 1934, Brooks graduated from an integrated high school with a career at the Chicago Defender. Soon after graduating from Wilson Junior College in 1936, Brooks worked some odd jobs as a housekeeper and a secretary for a crime and drug infested slums known as the Mecca, operated by spiritual impostor. Brooks later recalled both of these painfully degrading job experiences in her poetry. However, these experiences encourage Brooks to join the NAACP Youth Council in 1938, where she met Henry Lowington Blakely II and married in 1939. Blakely and Brooks bore a son Blakely, Jr., and daughter Nora; Brooks continued to mentor for young poets, and sponsored workshops and poetry contest. In the early 1960s, Brooks expanded into teaching at numerous colleges and universities. In 1985, the Library of Congress appointedShow MoreRelatedGwendolyn Brooks : The Modernist Poet1961 Words   |  8 PagesGwendolyn Brooks the Modernist Gwendolyn Brooks’ poetry discusses real issues that have occur in the nineteenth century and twentieth century. Also, she wrote poetry differently than it is consistently written. As a matter of fact, Brooks is a modernist poet which means she was a part of the modernism period. The modernism is a time period where writers like Brooks would use ideas and methods to write literature variously than it was ordinarily written in that time. Therefore, Gwendolyn’s poetryRead MorePoet, Gwendolyn Brooks Uses Social Issues to Connect with the Reader in â€Å"Fight First, Then Fiddle† and â€Å"We Real Cool†659 Words   |  3 Pages The same author Gwendolyn Brooks writes the poems â€Å"Fight First, Then Fiddle† and â€Å"We Real cool†. I am about to explain to you of how the author uses social issues through of the two poems I am referring to connect to her readers. The poem â€Å"We Real Cool†, by Gwendolyn Brooks was a great piece. I chose this poem because I could relate to the choice of words the author had chosen to use. The choice of words the author had chosen led me to believe the teens that the author described in her poemRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Gwendolyn Brooks 1030 Words   |  5 Pagesstop?† (â€Å"Gwendolyn† BrainyQuote.com) Gwendolyn Brooks, born in 1917 in Kansas grew up with her father, David Anderson Brooks and her mother, Keziah Wims Brooks. Although born in Kansas, Gwendolyn was raised in Illinois (Shor). Throughout her life she dealt with real issues and confronted them within her writing. Her thoughts and poetry would continue to be relevant for decades, even as time goes on, the world still remains a broken place. â€Å"The Brooks household was a happy one, and Gwendolyn thrivedRead MoreWho is Gwendoyn Brooks?1017 Words   |  5 PagesGwendolyn Brooks was one of the many great writers. In her early poetry, Brooks attacked racial discrimination, praised African American heroes, and satirized booth blacks and whites. She showed great mastery of classic and Modernist poetic techniques. 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The categoryRead MoreEssay about The Harlem Renaissance1515 Words   |  7 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Harlem Renaissance Poets consist of: James Weldon Johnson, Countee Cullen, Claude McKay, Jean (Eugene) Toomer, Langston Hughes, Sterling Brown, Robert Hayden, and Gwendolyn Brooks. These eight poets contributed to modern day poetry in three ways. One: they all wrote marvelous poems that inspired our poets of modern times. Two: they contributed to literature to let us know what went on in there times, and how much we now have changed. And last but not least they all have written poems thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Explorer By Gwendolyn Brooks1318 Words   |  6 PagesGwendolyn Brooks expresses the injustice of the black society and finding peace and quiet within in her poem titled â€Å"The Explorer†, which was published in 1960. In this poem, Brooks talk about how African Americans are oppressed by whites. To be specific, the main character, male or female, is on the run from white society. Brooks used words such as voices, scream, nervous, and griefs to describe what the main character is feeling as he is searching for a peaceful place. The reader can tell that

Barack Obama s President Of The United States - 1417 Words

Barack Obama is the 44th president of the United States. He won presidency in 2008 while running against John McCain, then won re-election in 2012 while running against Mitt Romney. In this paper, I will be arguing his achievements and disappointments in his foreign and domestic policies, as well as what campaign promises he has kept or broken while president of the United States. Obama s foreign policy has been the policy of the United States since his administration was inaugurated into office in January of 2009. Hillary Clinton, who ran against Obama for the Democratic Presidential nomination in 2008, was appointed as Secretary of State. Massachusetts Senator John Kerry taking over in February of 2013. According to change.org, Obama’s foreign policy is; Barack Obama and Joe Biden will renew America’s security and standing in the world through a new era of American leadership. The Obama-Biden foreign policy will end the war in Iraq responsibly, finish the fight against the Taliban and al Qaeda in Afghanistan, secure nuclear weapons and loose nuclear materials from terrorists, and renew American diplomacy to support strong alliances and to seek a lasting peace in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Disappointments made with this foreign policy are failing to end the Iraq war, finishing the fight against the Taliban and al Qaeda, securing nuclear weapons and materials from terrorists, and supporting an alliance and seeking peace in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. WhileShow MoreRelatedBarack Obama s President Of The United States1504 Words   |  7 Pagespromises being kept? Before Barack Obama was elected to be president of the United States, he made promises to the public but did not deliver after being in the office. 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Spectacles are specific and dramatic media events that deliver important messages to the publicRead MoreBarack Obama s President Of The American Dream Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesBio Obama didn’t have an easy road to the oval office. His story, amongst other presidents, is one that embodies the true will of the American dream. A lot of people don’t know that Obama’s father abandoned him when he was young to pursue a degree at Harvard. Nor do they know that Obama lived in Indonesia as a child, or that he went back to his roots in Kenya to meet his family members. Obama played a critical role of shifting the direction of the United States. This paper analyzes the historyRead MoreThe Medi A Very Important Role Of Today s Society865 Words   |  4 Pagesevents. The author, Douglas Kellner, suggests how Barack Obama grew as a global super celebrity by using media spectacle. He argues how Barack Obama’s media techniques led the campaign in his favour in the United States’ presidential election of 2008 (Kellner, 2009). With much publication, broadcasting and advertising resources, Barack Obama was able to attract supporters through his culture and race. The first democratic spectacle was that of Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton. In the first time in history

Critical Business Analysis Business Competence Level

Question: Describe about the Critical Business Analysis for Business Competence Level. Answer: Research Problem and Research Questions The research problem in the article has been clearly stated. The main aim and purpose of this article is to have an in-depth understanding impact over the academic achievements and self-development of the maltreated children. In cam be critically evaluated that various variables are clearly identified and recognized in the article such as the score cards, competence level, academic achievements, self-perceptions, academic abilities and self-worth. These are the variables which have been clearly identified. On the basis of these variables the judgments has been done over the difference in the maltreated and the non-maltreated children (Kim and Cicchetti, 2010). The relationship between the different variables has been stated clearly. It is evaluated as in the article;Kinard has significantly shown that there is an evident association between the self-perceptions of a child with his or her actual achievements. There has also shown a relationship between the sexual abuse and the academic competence, self-perception and the ratings provided in the classroom sessions and the relationship between mothers support and greater academic achievements. Thus it can be critically evaluate that there are clear relationships demonstrated between the variables in the article. By evaluating that whether the problem statement clearly defines the nature of the population, it can be seen that there are very clear identification of the population. In this article the main population for the research is the maltreated children and for the comparative analysis thee has also been considered the non-maltreated children. It is evident that the purpose, aim, goal and significance of the study in the article are clearly described. The main aim over which the study focuses is the negative impact over the academic performance and achievements of the children because of the maltreatment imposed on the children. The author states the various negative impacts lay over the maltreated children which are increasing rapidly. There has been evidently shown that the major goal is to reduce such practices and help the children to have a better self-assessment and self-perception so that they can achieve the academic achievements effectively. The feasibility of the study is also mentioned clearly as for the research there has been taken use of a sample of 195 maltreated children and 179 non-maltreated children. The study has been taken place by performing a comparative analysis of both the groups. Hypothesis and Variables As the article selected for the critically reviewing is by Kinard, named Perceived and actual academic competence in maltreated children and it is a quantitative in nature there is a need to review the article on the basis of Hypothesis and variables. Following is the critical review of the article in context with hypothesis and variable: The hypothesis is clearly stated as there has been significantly identified the various variables over which the results are based and are also tested clearly. In the article the hypothesis testing is done on the basis of variables such as perceived competence, reading competence, spelling competence, arithmetic competency, reading discrepancy, spelling discrepancy and arithmetic discrepancy. There is a need that the hypothesis must be adequately related with the research problem. In this article it is evaluated that the hypothesis are very much related to the problem. Here the research problem is the downfall in the achievements of the maltreated children and the hypothesis are directly linked with this as there has been taken variables on which the competence is judged and these hypotheses are very much required for evaluating the actual impact over the maltreated children. In this article it has been analyzed that the independent variable (IV), dependent variable (DV) and the study population has been easy to identify and are stated clearly. In the article the independent variable, dependent variable and the study population are as follows: IV: maltreated children DV: low competence and low academic achievements Study Population: the sample size is 195 maltreated children and 179 non-maltreated children After reviewing the framework and the literature review it is seen that the hypothesis is consistent with these two aspects. As in the article Kinard has specifically defined the dependence and reliability among the variables chosen and the literature review presented. The literature states that the self-perceptions and the competence level are co-related as well as lay significant impact over the academic achievements of the children. Literature Review After reviewing the literature presented in the article it is analyzed that the there is systematic presentation of the facts and the information of different authors as well as it is exhaustive in nature. It is stated on the basis of the facts that firstly the literature talks about the self-perceptions of the children regarding their individual academic ability and in context with this there has been presented views of different authors over the perceptions and expectations of the teachers and its impact over the performance of the children. Next to have an interconnection there has been provided literature related to the reason of low performance of the children i.e. the unsupportive behavior of the parents towards the maltreated children and thus there develops a discrepancy between the ideal and the real selves. Thus it is clearly stated that the literature review is exhaustive as well as systematic. The literature is found to be clearly and evidently related to the research pro blem or it can be said there is a direct relation of the literature review with the topic of interest. In the article, it has been demonstrated that in the literature review the authors throw a significant light over the various aspects which are connected with the research problem such as the notions regarding self-perceptions, achievements, academic ability and discrepancy are the topics which directly links to the research problem. The literature clearly identifies the known and the unknown elements of the research such as the known elements are the impact of unsupportive behavior of the parents, perception of peers and teachers, mal-treatment of the children and the unknown elements are how these children can have better self-perception, improved academic qualification and enhanced knowledge through the effective support and development sessions and various self-evaluation and betterment programs. The maximum sources which have been reviewed are the secondary sources which include the work, thesis and articles of various other authors. The literature review also highlights the importance and significance of the research as in the literature it is stated that the comparative research supported the practicality of the outcomes and also the quantitativeresearch provides a true picture of the impacts laid over the performance of the maltreated children. There has been provided a critical analysis or synthesis of the article in the discussion part which emphasis over the critical evaluation of the research and its outcomes. The framework is also identified clearly. The framework here identified here is that because of the maltreatment and the unsupportive behavior of the parents are the major a reason behind the low competence of the maltreated children and this framework isstrongly presented in the literature review. It is also consistent with the research problem as well as guides the study in an effective manner as it helps in identifies the major elements of the research problem. There are clear and evident concepts have been provided by the author regarding the research problem and they are correlated with the theoretical framework as the concepts provided in the article are the self-perceptions of the children, perceptions and expectations of the teachers and the unsupportive behavior of the parents. There has been analyzed a clear relationship among these entire concept which together results to the increase of the research problem i.e. the low competence of the maltreated children. Research Design The research design selected here is quantitative research. The quantitative research is based upon the 195 maltreated children and 179 non-maltreated children and their comparative analysis. It has been analyzed that the research design is very much congruent with the conceptual framework, literature review and the research questions as in the article the research design is quantitative and the literature review presented is there has been presented the result of comparative analysis where the authors contradict that only the self-perceptions and the perception of the teachers are not the only components which impact the achievement and ability of the maltreated children (Kinard, 2001). There has been provided a causal relationship between the dependent and the independent variable as the impact over the achievements and the ability is dependent upon the individual variable that is the children who are maltreated. The research design has confidently and significantly met the criteria for the causation as the research design has demonstrated the results of the survey which was took place over the 195 maltreated children. There has been conducted a quantitative research that is the experimental research it has been identified that there are no evidences related to randomization, control and manipulation. The author has significantly used the actual samples and evidences instead of making any kind of manipulation in the research undertaken. The results are the outcomes of true and genuine sample size and there is identified the authenticity of the study. If there has been taken place a non-experimental research that is qualitative research instead of the real facts and samples then for a bigger size of population there might be somewhat similar results of the research. There will be shown a low result and scores of the competence and achievements of the maltreated children when compared with the non-maltreated children. The research has a control system or can be said a control element as there has been provided various ways in which the maltreated children can have a better self-perception and greater score cards and achievements. Therefore the control element is present in the research design of the article. There are few threats which were realized as the potential risks to the internal and external validity such as whether the conclusion provided by the investigator is correct, does the variations in the IV are very much responsible for the analyzed change in the DV or not as well as the change in the DV is an outcome of the various other causes. They can be addressed by the means of various experimental designs which can help in safeguarding the research from these threats (Leeson and Nixon, 2011). Sampling Method and Sample size The research study provides adequate information regarding the sample selection as well as the inclusion or exclusion of the criteria. As the sample information is provided on the article that there have been selected 195 maltreated children from the state protective service agency and a control group of 179 no maltreated children. The inclusion or exclusion of the data make a significant and effectivesense in the research study as the data and the elements which have been included put a direct impact over the research problem that is the perceived and actual competence of the maltreated children. There has been selected the children of age between 6 to 12 years and there were 47.9% male and 52.1% female and this criteria make sense it depicts that there has beena gender equality in the research study as well as there is an average age of 9 years of the children which is a appropriate age to know the growing aspect and to understand the various impacts of the self-perception and the maltreatment. The sample is regarded as the representative of the population as the sample chosen is 195 maltreated children of agency where they are relatively present number of agencies which work for theses maltreated students and the conditions are similar of the children of all these agencies. And thus it can be said that the sample taken is clear representative of the population. The sample size was 195 maltreated children and 179 non-maltreated children and the sample size selected makes significant sense as out of such large population there was a need that this sample size is relevant to know the complete impact and to have a practical and judgmental result and outcome of the research study. Methods of Data Collection The data collected is quantitative in nature as there are fixed number of samples selected and data collection has been done.The data sources and the methods of the data collection is also specified clearly as the in this research the data source is the primary sources that is the children as sample have been selected and information has been gathered from them thusit is a primary data source. For the data collection the method used here is sample survey, grouping of the sample and interviews. And these methods sound appropriate to attain information.The level at which the variables are measured at low, average and high. There has not been identified any sort of potential biases in the data collection. The data is constructively collected and the outcomes are also on the basisof evident and reliable resourcesand information (Van Bruggen, Runtz and Kadlec, 2006). References Kim, J., Cicchetti, D. (2010).Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology Psychiatry, 51(6), 706-716. Kinard, E.M. (2001), Perceived and actual academic competence in maltreated children, Child Abuse Neglect, Pp.33-45. Leeson, F. J., Nixon, R. D. V. (2011). The role of children's appraisals on adjustment following psychological maltreatment: A pilot study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31(5), 759-771. Van Bruggen, L., Runtz, M., Kadlec, H. (2006). Sexual revictimization: The role of sexual self-esteem and dysfunctional sexual behaviors. Child Maltreatment, 11(2), 131-145.